Successfully built custom #Linux system by referring https://t.co/lyrdKkfXo9 .
— Ashish Tiwari 🇮🇳 (@_ashish_tiwari) April 27, 2020
Listed my challenges here https://t.co/gU2SoAxly2@nixcraft#linux #lfs #linuxfromscratch pic.twitter.com/XlWchVHy26
I have started with www.linuxfromscratch.org, I am facing some challenges and problems which I am going to share with you in this blog. I will keep updating this blog as well as I move forward.
Before we get start
You need some basic linux command knowledge to use linuxfromscratch guide. I am going to build LFS on my local machine. If your machine has a different OS or different configuration, Then some solution will not work.
I am going to use the same chapter title as mentioned in linuxfromscratch. I will skip those sections where I haven’t faced any difficulties.
My Machine Configuration
OS: Ubuntu 14.04
RAM: 2GB
Disk: 500 GB
Going to build
LFS version: 9.1
Published: March 1st, 2020
LFS doc:http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/downloads/9.1/LFS-BOOK-9.1-NOCHUNKS.html
Challenges
2.2. Host System Requirements
Version check
cat > version-check.sh << "EOF"
#!/bin/bash
# Simple script to list version numbers of critical development tools
export LC_ALL=C
bash --version | head -n1 | cut -d" " -f2-4
MYSH=$(readlink -f /bin/sh)
echo "/bin/sh -> $MYSH"
echo $MYSH | grep -q bash || echo "ERROR: /bin/sh does not point to bash"
unset MYSH
echo -n "Binutils: "; ld --version | head -n1 | cut -d" " -f3-
bison --version | head -n1
if [ -h /usr/bin/yacc ]; then
echo "/usr/bin/yacc -> `readlink -f /usr/bin/yacc`";
elif [ -x /usr/bin/yacc ]; then
echo yacc is `/usr/bin/yacc --version | head -n1`
else
echo "yacc not found"
fi
bzip2 --version 2>&1 < /dev/null | head -n1 | cut -d" " -f1,6-
echo -n "Coreutils: "; chown --version | head -n1 | cut -d")" -f2
diff --version | head -n1
find --version | head -n1
gawk --version | head -n1
if [ -h /usr/bin/awk ]; then
echo "/usr/bin/awk -> `readlink -f /usr/bin/awk`";
elif [ -x /usr/bin/awk ]; then
echo awk is `/usr/bin/awk --version | head -n1`
else
echo "awk not found"
fi
gcc --version | head -n1
g++ --version | head -n1
ldd --version | head -n1 | cut -d" " -f2- # glibc version
grep --version | head -n1
gzip --version | head -n1
cat /proc/version
m4 --version | head -n1
make --version | head -n1
patch --version | head -n1
echo Perl `perl -V:version`
python3 --version
sed --version | head -n1
tar --version | head -n1
makeinfo --version | head -n1 # texinfo version
xz --version | head -n1
echo 'int main(){}' > dummy.c && g++ -o dummy dummy.c
if [ -x dummy ]
then echo "g++ compilation OK";
else echo "g++ compilation failed"; fi
rm -f dummy.c dummy
EOF
bash version-check.sh
Error 1:
/bin/sh does not point to bash
sudo ln -sf bash /bin/sh
Error 2:
version-check.sh: line 11: bison: command not found
sudo apt-get install bison
Error 3:
version-check.sh: line 25: gawk: command not found
sudo apt-get install gawk
Error 4:
version-check.sh: line 36: g++: command not found
sudo apt-get install g++
Error 5:
version-check.sh: line 48: makeinfo: command not found
sudo apt-get update -y
sudo apt-get install -y texinfo
Final success output:
$ bash version-check.sh
bash, version 4.3.11(1)-release
/bin/sh -> /bin/bash
Binutils: (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.24
bison (GNU Bison) 3.0.2
/usr/bin/yacc -> /usr/bin/bison.yacc
bzip2, Version 1.0.6, 6-Sept-2010.
Coreutils: 8.21
diff (GNU diffutils) 3.3
find (GNU findutils) 4.4.2
GNU Awk 4.0.1
/usr/bin/awk -> /usr/bin/gawk
gcc (Ubuntu 4.8.4-2ubuntu1~14.04.4) 4.8.4
g++ (Ubuntu 4.8.4-2ubuntu1~14.04.4) 4.8.4
(Ubuntu EGLIBC 2.19-0ubuntu6.15) 2.19
grep (GNU grep) 2.16
gzip 1.6
Linux version 4.4.0-142-generic (buildd@lcy01-amd64-006) (gcc version 4.8.4 (Ubuntu 4.8.4-2ubuntu1~14.04.4) ) #168~14.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Sat Jan 19 11:26:28 UTC 2019
m4 (GNU M4) 1.4.17
GNU Make 3.81
GNU patch 2.7.1
Perl version='5.18.2';
Python 3.4.3
sed (GNU sed) 4.2.2
tar (GNU tar) 1.27.1
makeinfo (GNU texinfo) 5.2
xz (XZ Utils) 5.1.0alpha
g++ compilation OK
2.5. Creating a File System on the Partition
I had only one partition. I need to create new physical partition for LFS.
It is recommended to use Physical partition only not logical.
I have reinstall my OS with new partition which is long way. You can use GParted to make partitions. Remember you can create only 4 Physical partition. Give 1 physical partition dedicated to LFS. Below is my partition view.
$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 465.8G 0 disk
|-sda1 8:1 0 476M 0 part /boot/efi
|-sda2 8:2 0 1.9G 0 part [SWAP]
|-sda3 8:3 0 190.8G 0 part /
`-sda4 8:4 0 272.7G 0 part /lfs
Challenge: My Partition wipe out after restart my system
After restart I again hit the same command lsblk. /lfs partition was not there.
In Ubuntu, You need to make entry in /etc/fstab in order to mount the partition on restart.
You have to find first volumeId or UUID to make entry in /etc/fstab. You can use blkid command to get all UUID:
$ blkid
/dev/sda1: UUID="1FBD-F51A" TYPE="vfat"
/dev/sda2: UUID="9f41c453-3b5c-4537-81b0-2fb33f19ded8" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sda3: UUID="1a16afba-cabb-40c7-b704-1129b7004ffb" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda4: UUID="b3b2eb8c-2a43-405d-97da-af8b46c743e2" TYPE="ext4"
Above my Partition is /dev/sda4 which is mounted on /lfs, So my UUID is b3b2eb8c-2a43-405d-97da-af8b46c743e2. Now I have added below line in /etc/fstab.
UUID=b3b2eb8c-2a43-405d-97da-af8b46c743e2 /lfs ext4 rw,user,exec,errors=remount-ro 0 0
Here
rw: Read, Writeexec: Executeerrors=remount-ro: It will mount as Read-Only, If you get any error on mounting.
Make sure you have added
exec, Otherwise you cannot execute any binaries from chapter 5.4. Binutils-2.34 - Pass 1
5.4. Binutils-2.34 - Pass 1
Doc link: http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/downloads/9.1/LFS-BOOK-9.1-NOCHUNKS.html#ch-tools-binutils-pass1
Error 1:
bash: ../configure: No such file or directory
As I mentioned on above Section, Make sure you have added exec in your /etc/fstab entry OR Make sure your partition /lfs has Read, Write & Execute permission. Below /etc/fstab entry worked for me:
UUID=b3b2eb8c-2a43-405d-97da-af8b46c743e2 /lfs ext4 rw,user,exec,errors=remount-ro 0 0
This setting can be different for different OS.
Error 2:
I had no idea where to create build folder.
Below steps worked for me:
$ cd $LFS/source
$ tar xvf binutils-2.34.tar.xz
$ cd binutils-2.34
$ mkdir -v build
$ cd build
$ ../configure --prefix=/tools \
--with-sysroot=$LFS \
--with-lib-path=/tools/lib \
--target=$LFS_TGT \
--disable-nls \
--disable-werror
5.5. GCC-9.2.0 - Pass 1
cd $LFS/sources
tar -xvf gcc-9.2.0.tar.xz
cd gcc-9.2.0
After this you can continue with document flow.
tar -xf ../mpfr-4.0.2.tar.xz
mv -v mpfr-4.0.2 mpfr
tar -xf ../gmp-6.2.0.tar.xz
mv -v gmp-6.2.0 gmp
tar -xf ../mpc-1.1.0.tar.gz
mv -v mpc-1.1.0 mpc
Error 1:
On make command, I got below error:
error: ‘for’ loop initial declarations are only allowed in C99 mode
compute_powtab.c: In function 'mpn_compute_powtab_mul':
compute_powtab.c:142:3: error: 'for' loop initial declarations are only allowed in C99 mode
for (long pi = start_idx; pi >= 0; pi--)
^
compute_powtab.c:142:3: note: use option -std=c99 or -std=gnu99 to compile your code
compute_powtab.c: In function 'mpn_compute_powtab_div':
compute_powtab.c:226:3: error: 'for' loop initial declarations are only allowed in C99 mode
for (long pi = n_pows - 1; pi >= 0; pi--)
^
compute_powtab.c:274:13: error: redefinition of 'pi'
for (long pi = n_pows; pi >= 0; pi--)
^
compute_powtab.c:226:13: note: previous definition of 'pi' was here
for (long pi = n_pows - 1; pi >= 0; pi--)
^
compute_powtab.c:274:3: error: 'for' loop initial declarations are only allowed in C99 mode
for (long pi = n_pows; pi >= 0; pi--)
^
compute_powtab.c: In function 'powtab_decide':
compute_powtab.c:296:3: error: 'for' loop initial declarations are only allowed in C99 mode
for (size_t pn = (un + 1) >> 1; pn != 1; pn = (pn + 1) >> 1)
^
compute_powtab.c:304:10: error: redefinition of 'pn'
size_t pn = un - 1;
^
compute_powtab.c:296:15: note: previous definition of 'pn' was here
for (size_t pn = (un + 1) >> 1; pn != 1; pn = (pn + 1) >> 1)
^
compute_powtab.c:308:3: error: 'for' loop initial declarations are only allowed in C99 mode
for (long i = n_pows - 2; i >= 0; i--)
As per (https://stackoverflow.com/a/29338269)[https://stackoverflow.com/a/29338269],
This happens because declaring variables inside a for loop wasn’t valid C until C99(which is the standard of C published in 1999).
How I sovled this?
Open file:
vim $LFS/sources/gcc-9.2.0/build/gmp/mpn/compute_powtab.c
We will solve first error:
compute_powtab.c:226:3: error: 'for' loop initial declarations are only allowed in C99 mode
for (long pi = n_pows - 1; pi >= 0; pi--)
Changes on line number 226:
long pi;
for (pi = n_pows - 1; pi >= 0; pi--)
{
Just declare long pi; outside the loop. Similarly you can solve above all errors.
OR
You can download my edited version of compute_powtab.c, Place in $LFS/sources/gcc-9.2.0/build/gmp/mpn/.
Hit
make
Now it should works :)
5.7. Glibc-2.31
On below command:
../configure \
--prefix=/tools \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--build=$(../scripts/config.guess) \
--enable-kernel=3.2 \
Error: These critical programs are missing or too old: make
configure: error:
*** These critical programs are missing or too old: make
*** Check the INSTALL file for required versions.
I checked my current make version:
$ make --version
GNU Make 3.81
Copyright (C) 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.
There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
This program built for x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
As per (https://stackoverflow.com/a/31915313)[https://stackoverflow.com/a/31915313]
Due to a long-standing unresolved Debian bug report, GNU Make remained the age-old 3.81 in Debian for a very long time, and as a consequence, in Debian-based distributions such as Ubuntu and Mint.
So we need to upgrade our make version. Below steps worked for me.
cd /tmp
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/make-4.1.tar.gz
tar xvf make-4.1.tar.gz
cd make-4.1/
./configure
make
sudo make install
sudo mv /usr/local/bin/make /usr/bin/make
Now again hit ../configure .. command, Now it should work :)
6.7. Linux-5.5.3 API Headers
Error
(lfs chroot) root:/sources/linux-5.5.3# make mrproper
/bin/sh: sed: command not found
Makefile:653: arch//Makefile: No such file or directory
make: *** No rule to make target 'arch//Makefile'. Stop.
Because of my silly mistake. I had not installed the sed package. I just reinstall the package.
6.12. Bzip2-1.0.8
Error:
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [Makefile-libbz2_so:38: all] Error 1
Just hit make clean.
Again run make -f Makefile-libbz2_so.
6.18. Binutils-2.34
$ make -k check
make[5]: *** [Makefile:2565: check-DEJAGNU] Error 1
make[5]: Leaving directory '/sources/binutils-2.34/build_6.18/ld'
make[4]: *** [Makefile:1902: check-am] Error 2
make[4]: Leaving directory '/sources/binutils-2.34/build_6.18/ld'
make[3]: *** [Makefile:1771: check-recursive] Error 1
make[3]: Leaving directory '/sources/binutils-2.34/build_6.18/ld'
make[2]: *** [Makefile:1904: check] Error 2
make[2]: Leaving directory '/sources/binutils-2.34/build_6.18/ld'
make[1]: *** [Makefile:7568: check-ld] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory '/sources/binutils-2.34/build_6.18'
make: *** [Makefile:2222: do-check] Error 2
As I research these are few common errors But as I have not found any solution So I jump on to the next step as suggested in various places.
make tooldir=/usr install
If you get any solution of above error, Feel free to comment below.
6.25. GCC-9.2.0
Error 1:
make: *** [Makefile:2295: do-check] Error 2
I ignored this and move to next steps.
Error 2: Got no output with below command:
echo 'int main(){}' > dummy.c
cc dummy.c -v -Wl,--verbose &> dummy.log
readelf -l a.out | grep ': /lib'
Performed below steps as mentioned on this link https://stackoverflow.com/a/48289145:
gcc -dumpspecs | sed -e 's@/tools@@g' > `dirname $(gcc --print-libgcc-file-name)`/specs
Again perform above command:
echo 'int main(){}' > dummy.c
$ cc dummy.c -v -Wl,--verbose &> dummy.log
readelf -l a.out | grep ': /lib'
[Requesting program interpreter: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2]
6.41. Perl-5.30.1
Error:
erlio.c:(.text+0x91b): undefined reference to `pthread_getspecific'
/usr/bin/ld: perlio.o:perlio.c:(.text+0x44e4): more undefined references to `pthread_getspecific' follow
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [makefile:364: lib/buildcustomize.pl] Error 1
Solution which suggested here https://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-from-scratch-13/errors-with-6-40-perl-5-28-0-a-4175642138/ It worked for me.
it’s due to not having deleted the extracted Perl-5.28.0 directory after Chapter 5. I deleted the folder. Again untar the file.
8.4. Using GRUB to Set Up the Boot Process
NOTE: I have not performed this section, Becuase I am going to use my host system’s (Ubuntu 14.04) GRUB bootloader. Just go to another terminal of host system and hit below command.
sudo update-grub2
After this again go to old terminal(LFS) and proceed with next step (The End).
Please comment below if you facing any issue.
Thanks